Industrial mushroom cultivation in Ukraine, a young sector in agricultural production, is experiencing diverse stages of development and challenges. The mushroom market in Ukraine is predominantly represented by champignon mushrooms, constituting 98% of the total market volume.
Champignons, known for their delicate flavour, require constant temperature control and vigilance against infections. Shiitake, with its sharp taste and beneficial properties for cosmetics and medicine, has conquered European markets. King Oyster Mushroom, boasting cashew notes, have become favourites among chefs for their unparalleled taste and safety. Truffles garner heightened interest, although the first harvest may be expected in 4–5 years. Forest mushrooms such as porcini, honey mushrooms, and chanterelles are also present in the Ukrainian mushroom market.
The 2020 quarantine and the full-scale war in 2022 brought significant changes. The demand for exotic mushrooms, such as oyster and shiitake, increased during quarantine, while the war led to a reduction in cultivation and exports. Some farms found themselves in occupied territories, while others had to operate at 60-70% capacity.
Ukrainian farms face sharp price fluctuations, loss of compost access due to shortages, and electrical supply problems. The shortage of skilled professionals and mushroom pickers has led to the complete or partial shutdown of farm activities.
Ukrainian producers export only about 4% of cultivated mushrooms, with Moldova being the largest consumer, mainly importing champignons. The increase in mushroom imports due to losses in the domestic market indicates instability and production issues.
According to a baseline forecast, mushroom cultivation in Ukraine may decrease by 1.7 times through a reduction in farm areas.
source: inventure.com.ua